Saint Martin’s Island, located in the Bay of Bengal, is a unique destination in Bangladesh known for its natural beauty, vibrant marine life, pristine beaches, turquoise waters, rich biodiversity and fascinating history. This small coral island is the only one of its kind in Bangladesh, making it a must-visit for travelers and nature enthusiasts. Below, we dive deeply into the island’s history, biodiversity, tourism, and practical travel tips, ensuring you have all the information you need for an unforgettable trip.
History and Origin of Saint Martin’s Island
Saint Martin’s Island has a rich history that dates back to the 18th century. Originally known as “Jazira” by Arabian merchants who used the island as a rest stop on their trading routes, the island later became known as Narikel Jinjira—”Coconut Island”—due to the abundance of coconut trees planted by early settlers. The name Saint Martin’s Island was given during the British colonial period, after a British official, and has remained since then.
The island’s history is closely tied to its geographical location. Once part of the Teknaf peninsula, the island became separated due to rising sea levels and tectonic activity. This geological history has contributed to the island’s unique coral formations and marine biodiversity, making it a key area of interest for researchers and conservationists.
Administration and Local Governance
Saint Martin’s Island is part of the Cox’s Bazar District and is administered by the Saint Martin’s Union Parishad. The island is divided into nine distinct villages or areas, including Paschim Para, Uttar Para, Golachipa, and Dakkhin Para. These areas are inhabited by approximately 8,000 people who primarily rely on fishing, agriculture, and tourism for their livelihoods.
The island’s administration faces unique challenges, particularly in managing the impact of tourism on the local environment and maintaining essential services such as clean water and healthcare. Efforts are ongoing to balance the needs of the local population with the demands of tourism and conservation.
Inhabitants and Their Way of Life
The population of Saint Martin’s Island consists of around 8,000 residents who live in simple, traditional homes. Fishing is the main occupation, with locals relying on the surrounding waters for their livelihood. Rice and coconut farming are the primary agricultural activities, and algae harvesting is also a common practice, with the dried algae exported to Myanmar.
Life on the island is dictated by the rhythm of the sea. During the fishing season, the island becomes a hub of activity, with fishermen from neighboring areas bringing their catches to the island’s markets. However, during the monsoon season, the island can become isolated, and life slows down as residents brace for harsh weather conditions.
Despite the challenges, the people of Saint Martin’s Island have a strong sense of community and resilience. They have adapted to the island’s unique environment, and their way of life reflects a deep connection to the sea and land.
Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation
Saint Martin’s Island is renowned for its rich biodiversity, particularly its coral reefs and marine life. The island is home to 66 species of coral, 240 species of fish, and a variety of other marine organisms. This makes it a critical area for biodiversity and a focal point for conservation efforts.
In recent years, the island’s ecosystem has come under threat due to human activities such as overfishing, coral extraction, and unregulated tourism. To protect the island’s fragile environment, the Bangladeshi government, in partnership with international organizations, has designated the surrounding waters as a Marine Protected Area. This initiative aims to preserve the island’s coral reefs and marine life while promoting sustainable tourism practices.
Key Conservation Efforts
Public Awareness Campaigns: Education programs aimed at tourists and locals help promote eco-friendly practices and reduce environmental impact.
Coral Restoration Projects: Efforts are underway to restore damaged coral reefs and prevent further degradation.
Sea Turtle Conservation: The island is a nesting ground for several species of sea turtles, and conservation programs are in place to protect these endangered animals.
How to Get to Saint Martin’s Island
Reaching Saint Martin’s Island is an adventure in itself. The most common route is to travel by bus or plane to Cox’s Bazar, followed by a boat or ferry ride from Teknaf. The ferry ride takes about two hours and offers breathtaking views of the Naf River, with the hills of Bangladesh on one side and the coast of Myanmar on the other.
Transportation Options
- By Ferry: Services like Keari Sindbad and Kutubdia are popular choices. They offer comfortable rides with the option of different seating classes.
- By Cruise Ship: For a more luxurious experience, consider taking the MV Bay One, which sails from Chittagong to Saint Martin’s Island.
During the peak tourist season from November to February, ferries and cruise ships are in high demand, so it’s advisable to book your tickets in advance. Avoid traveling during the monsoon season (June to October) when the sea can be rough and unpredictable.
Tourism on Saint Martin’s Island: What to Do and See
Saint Martin’s Island is a paradise for tourists seeking a peaceful getaway. The island’s main attractions include its unspoiled beaches, clear blue waters, serene atmosphere, and stunning sunsets. Here’s a rundown of the top things to do:
Must-Visit Tourist Spots
- Chera Dwip: A small, uninhabited island connected to Saint Martin by a narrow land strip that appears during low tide. Perfect for a peaceful escape and exploration.
- Rock Beach: Located at the southern tip of the island, Rock Beach is famous for its ancient coral formations and is a great spot for snorkeling and underwater photography.
- Sunset Point: As the name suggests, this is the best place on the island to catch a breathtaking sunset.
Activities
- Snorkeling and Diving: Explore the vibrant underwater world of Saint Martin’s Island, where you can see coral reefs, colorful fish, and other marine life.
- Cycling and Walking Tours: Given the island’s small size (about 8 square kilometers), it’s easy to explore on foot or by bicycle. Take a leisurely ride or walk along the beach and through the villages to experience the island’s natural beauty.
While the island’s coral reefs have suffered from overfishing, there are still areas where you can explore the underwater world.
Where to Stay: Accommodation Options
Saint Martin’s Island offers a variety of accommodations to suit different budgets. From eco-friendly resorts to budget guesthouses, there’s something for everyone.
Top Accommodation Choices
- Coral Blue Resort: This eco-friendly resort offers tent accommodations with stunning views of the sea and Chera Dwip. It’s perfect for those who want to experience the island’s natural beauty while minimizing their environmental impact.
- Blue Marine Resort: A more upscale option, Blue Marine Resort offers comfortable rooms with modern amenities, including a generator to provide electricity during the evening hours.
- Hotel Sea Heart: A budget-friendly option located close to the main beach area, offering basic but comfortable accommodations.
Local Foods and Dining Experiences
When it comes to food, Saint Martin’s Island is known for its fresh seafood. The island’s specialties include Saint Martin’s crabs, lobsters, and a variety of fish dishes. Most hotels and guesthouses offer meals, but there are also several local eateries where you can enjoy traditional Bangladeshi cuisine.
Top Dining Spots
- Appayan at Saint Martin’s Resort: Known for its seafood, particularly its fresh fish curries and crab dishes.
- Local Beachside Shacks: For a more casual dining experience, head to one of the beachside shacks where you can enjoy freshly grilled fish and seafood with a view of the ocean.
Climate and Weather: When to Visit
The best time to visit Saint Martin’s Island is during the dry season, from November to February, when the weather is mild, and the sea is calm. During this period, the island experiences pleasant temperatures, making it ideal for outdoor activities and beach relaxation.
Weather Patterns
June to October: Monsoon season brings heavy rains and rough seas. Travel to the island is not recommended during this time.
November to February: Ideal weather with clear skies and calm seas. This is also the peak tourist season.
March to May: Temperatures start to rise, and humidity levels increase, but it’s still a good time to visit before the monsoon sets in.
Sovereignty Dispute and Security Issues
While Saint Martin’s Island is generally a safe destination for tourists, it has occasionally been the focus of territorial disputes between Bangladesh and Myanmar. These disputes have led to tensions, particularly concerning fishing rights in the surrounding waters. However, such incidents are rare and typically do not affect tourists.
The Bangladeshi government has taken steps to ensure the safety of visitors, including increased security patrols around the island. As with any travel destination, it’s advisable to stay informed about local conditions and follow any travel advisories issued by authorities.
Why Visit Saint Martin’s Island?
Saint Martin’s Island is not just a destination; it’s an experience. From its rich history and vibrant marine life to its serene beaches and friendly locals, the island offers something for everyone. Whether you’re a nature lover, history buff, or just looking for a peaceful escape, Saint Martin’s Island is the perfect destination.
So, pack your bags, book your ferry, and get ready to explore one of Bangladesh’s most beautiful and unique locations. And don’t forget to share your travel experiences in the comments below!